SEN stands for Special Educational Needs. About 100,000 children in Hong Kong have some degree of special educational needs. These children require special support and attention at school. SchoolABC explains what parents need to know.
What Are the Categories of SEN?
- Specific Learning Difficulties — including dyslexia (difficulties with reading or writing)
- Intellectual Disability — slower intellectual development
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) — developmental disorders affecting social and communication skills
- Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) — difficulty concentrating or prone to impulsivity
- Physical Disability — mobility difficulties
- Visual / Hearing Impairment — impaired vision or hearing
- Speech and Language Impairment — difficulty speaking or expressing language
- Mental Health Issues — such as anxiety disorders, depression, etc.
What Support Can Schools Provide?
Depending on the student's needs, schools can provide various supports:
- Homework adjustments — reduced volume or extended deadlines
- Examination accommodations — extended time, enlarged papers, etc.
- Learning support — learning support, speech therapy, occupational therapy
- Classroom arrangements — seating in front rows or appropriate positions
- Social skills training — group training, social skills programs
What Should Parents Do?
1. Understand Your Child's Situation
If you suspect your child has SEN:
- First consult the school's Special Educational Needs Coordinator (SENCO)
- Consider an assessment by the EDB or a medical institution
2. Keep Communication with School
Establish regular communication channels with teachers to understand your child's performance and needs at school.
3. Seek Professional Support Without Hesitation
Early assessment and intervention lead to better outcomes.
Integrated Education — SEN Students Studying Alongside Peers
Hong Kong practices «Integrated Education» where SEN students study in mainstream schools alongside other students. Benefits include:
- SEN students have a normal social environment
- Other students learn to respect and accept differences
However, integrated education requires adequate support and resources, otherwise it can create pressure for both SEN and non-SEN students.
Resources and Support Organizations
- EDB Special Education Division — resource rooms, training support
- Student Health Service of the Department of Health — health assessments
- Major voluntary organizations — such as Heep Hong Society, Richmond Fellowship, etc.